L1 ⚛ L1-378 ⊙ Testnet

21cm Cosmology Reionization Signal

Astrophysics · Epoch of reionization

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⬇ principle.md ⬇ principle.json

Fork L1-378

⬇ L1-378.md ⬇ L1-378.json

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You are helping me submit a MODIFICATION of L1-378 (21cm Cosmology Reionization Signal) to the PWM Protocol — a Principle (L1) artifact.

I will paste a Markdown template (or the current L1-378.md).
1. Rewrite the Markdown so the science is correct and clearly explained for my change.
2. Regenerate the sibling L1-378.json so EVERY field matches the Markdown.
3. Keep the schema in the "File Mapping" footer at the bottom of the MD.
4. Keep the parent reference unchanged unless I ask otherwise.
Rules: the Markdown is the source of truth; use SI units; do NOT invent benchmark scores.
Output each file in its own fenced code block tagged with the filename.

Here is my template:
[PASTE THE .md HERE]

⚙ Forward Model

y = `O.chi2.21cm_ps` `S.foreground.removal_wedge` `F.fourier.power_spectrum_3d` x

world state x (3D 21cm brightness temperature)

→

F · fourier · power spectrum 3d `F.fourier.power_spectrum_3d`

→

S · foreground · removal wedge `S.foreground.removal_wedge`

→

O · chi2 · 21cm ps `O.chi2.21cm_ps`

→

observation y (radio wave detector)

Noise: thermally-driven Gaussian fluctuations

Markdown — human-readable source of truth

⚙ auto-generated

⬇ L1-378.md

# ⚛ L1 Principle — 21cm Cosmology Reionization Signal **ID:** `L1-378` · **Status:** ⊙ Testnet (genesis catalog) > **🌐 Domain:** Astrophysics — *Epoch of reionization* > **🎯 Problem class:** statistical inverse · **🧮 Solution space:** 3D 21cm brightness temperature > **📡 Carrier:** radio_wave · **🌫 Noise:** thermal gaussian > **⚖ Difficulty (δ):** 10 · **⛓ Block:** 41555178 --- ## 🧠 1. Introduction **21cm Cosmology Reionization Signal** is a **statistical inverse problem** whose unknown lives in **3D 21cm brightness temperature** space, within the **Epoch of reionization** sub-domain of **Astrophysics**. Measurements consist of radio-frequency electromagnetic waves via a **radio interferometry 21cm** sensing mechanism. The forward operator applies, in order: F · fourier · power spectrum 3d operator; S · foreground · removal wedge operator; O · chi2 · 21cm ps operator. Observations are corrupted by thermally-driven Gaussian fluctuations. Existence of the recovered 3D_21cm_brightness_temperature is guaranteed within the declared Omega bounds. Uniqueness holds on the measurement-supported subspace; out-of-support modes are controlled by declared priors. Stability is conditionally stable (kappa_eff ~= 5000); calibration_errors_percent dominates the stability cliff; the remaining mismatch parameters contribute higher-order bias terms. Thermal gaussian sets the irreducible data-fidelity floor. ## ⚙ 2. Forward Model Physical chain: **x** → F · fourier · power spectrum 3d → S · foreground · removal wedge → O · chi2 · 21cm ps → **y** (detector). ``` y = `O.chi2.21cm_ps` `S.foreground.removal_wedge` `F.fourier.power_spectrum_3d` x ``` **Measurement DAG:** | Primitive | What it does | |---|---| | `F.fourier.power_spectrum_3d` | F · fourier · power spectrum 3d operator | | `S.foreground.removal_wedge` | S · foreground · removal wedge operator | | `O.chi2.21cm_ps` | O · chi2 · 21cm ps operator | ## 🔬 3. Physics Fingerprint | Property | Value | |---|---| | Domain | Astrophysics | | Sub domain | Epoch of reionization | | Carrier | radio_wave | | Problem class | statistical_inverse | | Solution space | 3D_21cm_brightness_temperature | | Noise model | thermal_gaussian | | Integration axis | frequency_redshift | | Difficulty delta | 10 | | L dag | 4.5 | ## 📡 4. Measurement Model Existence of the recovered 3D_21cm_brightness_temperature is guaranteed within the declared Omega bounds. Uniqueness holds on the measurement-supported subspace; out-of-support modes are controlled by declared priors. Stability is conditionally stable (kappa_eff ~= 5000); calibration_errors_percent dominates the stability cliff; the remaining mismatch parameters contribute higher-order bias terms. Thermal gaussian sets the irreducible data-fidelity floor. | Metric | Value | |---|---| | Metric | power_spectrum_detection_SNR | | Secondary | chi2_reduced_power_spectrum | ## 📏 5. Operating Range (Ω) **Center problem class:** `statistical_inverse` · **Forward operator:** `radio_interferometry_21cm` **Center point:** | Parameter | Unit | Value | |---|---|---| | Noise k | — | 0.05 | | N antennas | — | 350 | | Integration hours | — | 1000 | | Foreground level k | — | 200 | **Allowed bounds:** | Parameter | Unit | Range | |---|---|---| | Noise k | — | 0.01 – 0.5 | | N antennas | — | 20 – 1000 | | Integration hours | — | 100 – 10000 | | Foreground level k | — | 50 – 1000 | ## 🎯 6. Tolerance (ε) **Center tolerance:** 2.0 power_spectrum_detection_SNR | Metric | Range | |---|---| | Power spectrum detection snr | 1.0 – 10.0 | ## ⚖ 7. Hardness Function Hardness scales as **`epsilon_fn`** on **power_spectrum_detection_SNR**, with κ = `10000000.0` and δ = `10`. ## 💾 8. Reference Dataset - **primary** · weight 1.0 · IPFS _(not pinned yet)_ ## 9. On-chain Registration - **Chain hash:** `0xace44b37cbf5ce999782c567d6623aed4f2d57d3054e38e173cb44c41f5e6481` - **Chain tx hash:** `0x14f260752a75cf485240378901e1554d023c3b948368ca982f3dcc9eec53d047` - **Chain block:** `41555178` --- ## File Mapping This bundle consists of: `L1-378.md`, `L1-378.json`. | File | Role | How to regenerate | |------|------|-------------------| | `L1-378.md` | Source of truth — edit this | Human or LLM | | `L1-378.json` | Structured metadata for the registry | LLM regenerates from the sections above | **Prompt for your LLM after editing this Markdown:** > Read the attached Markdown. Regenerate the sibling `.json` so every field matches. > Preserve the schema documented in the rows above. > Output each file in its own fenced code block tagged with the filename. > Output only the JSON object. _This Markdown was auto-synthesized from the catalog row for `L1-378`._ _Edit it, regenerate the JSON, and submit at [/submit](/submit) to claim the artifact._

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L2-378-001 21cm Cosmology Reionization Signal — Nominal + Mismatch Specs

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📋 JSON metadata

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  "artifact_id": "L1-378",
  "chain_block": 41555178,
  "chain_hash": "0xace44b37cbf5ce999782c567d6623aed4f2d57d3054e38e173cb44c41f5e6481",
  "chain_tx_hash": "0x14f260752a75cf485240378901e1554d023c3b948368ca982f3dcc9eec53d047",
  "domain": "Astrophysics",
  "hardness_fn": {
    "delta": 10,
    "kappa": 10000000.0,
    "metric": "power_spectrum_detection_SNR",
    "type": "epsilon_fn"
  },
  "initiator_dataset": [
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      "license_hash": null,
      "name": "primary",
      "weight": 1.0
    }
  ],
  "layer": "L1",
  "observable_profile": {
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    "regime": "Existence of the recovered 3D_21cm_brightness_temperature is guaranteed within the declared Omega bounds. Uniqueness holds on the measurement-supported subspace; out-of-support modes are controlled by declared priors. Stability is conditionally stable (kappa_eff ~= 5000); calibration_errors_percent dominates the stability cliff; the remaining mismatch parameters contribute higher-order bias terms. Thermal gaussian sets the irreducible data-fidelity floor.",
    "secondary": "chi2_reduced_power_spectrum"
  },
  "physics_fingerprint": {
    "L_DAG": 4.5,
    "carrier": "radio_wave",
    "difficulty_delta": 10,
    "domain": "Astrophysics",
    "integration_axis": "frequency_redshift",
    "noise_model": "thermal_gaussian",
    "primitives": [
      "F.fourier.power_spectrum_3d",
      "S.foreground.removal_wedge",
      "O.chi2.21cm_ps"
    ],
    "problem_class": "statistical_inverse",
    "sensing_mechanism": "radio_interferometry_21cm",
    "solution_space": "3D_21cm_brightness_temperature",
    "sub_domain": "Epoch of reionization",
    "title": "21cm Cosmology Reionization Signal"
  },
  "size_tiers": {
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      "foreground_level_K",
      "noise_K"
    ],
    "allowed_problem_classes": [
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    ],
    "center_spec": {
      "epsilon_fn_center": "2.0 power_spectrum_detection_SNR",
      "forward_operator": "radio_interferometry_21cm",
      "input_format": "measurement_only",
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        "integration_hours": 1000,
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    "epsilon_bounds": {
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        10.0
      ]
    },
    "omega_bounds": {
      "N_antennas": [
        20,
        1000
      ],
      "foreground_level_K": [
        50,
        1000
      ],
      "integration_hours": [
        100,
        10000
      ],
      "noise_K": [
        0.01,
        0.5
      ]
    }
  },
  "staked_pwm": 0.0,
  "status": "testnet",
  "sub_domain": "Epoch of reionization",
  "title": "21cm Cosmology Reionization Signal"
}

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