L1 ⚛ L1-493 ⊙ Testnet

Solar Cell Device Physics (Shockley-Queisser + drift-diffusion)

Semiconductor Physics · Photovoltaic devices

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⬇ principle.md ⬇ principle.json

Fork L1-493

⬇ L1-493.md ⬇ L1-493.json

Prompt — copy into your LLM

You are helping me submit a MODIFICATION of L1-493 (Solar Cell Device Physics (Shockley-Queisser + drift-diffusion)) to the PWM Protocol — a Principle (L1) artifact.

I will paste a Markdown template (or the current L1-493.md).
1. Rewrite the Markdown so the science is correct and clearly explained for my change.
2. Regenerate the sibling L1-493.json so EVERY field matches the Markdown.
3. Keep the schema in the "File Mapping" footer at the bottom of the MD.
4. Keep the parent reference unchanged unless I ask otherwise.
Rules: the Markdown is the source of truth; use SI units; do NOT invent benchmark scores.
Output each file in its own fenced code block tagged with the filename.

Here is my template:
[PASTE THE .md HERE]

⚙ Forward Model

y = `O.JV` `E.diode_model` `E.drift_diffusion` `E.photogeneration` x + n,    n ~ 𝒩(0, σ²)

world state x (JV curve plus EQE)

→

E · photogeneration `E.photogeneration`

→

E · drift diffusion `E.drift_diffusion`

→

E · diode model `E.diode_model`

→

O · JV `O.JV`

→

observation y (electron detector)

Noise: additive Gaussian noise

Markdown — human-readable source of truth

⚙ auto-generated

⬇ L1-493.md

# ⚛ L1 Principle — Solar Cell Device Physics (Shockley-Queisser + drift-diffusion) **ID:** `L1-493` · **Status:** ⊙ Testnet (genesis catalog) > **🌐 Domain:** Semiconductor Physics — *Photovoltaic devices* > **🎯 Problem class:** nonlinear inverse · **🧮 Solution space:** JV curve plus EQE > **📡 Carrier:** electron · **🌫 Noise:** gaussian > **⚖ Difficulty (δ):** 3 · **⛓ Block:** 41554141 --- ## 🧠 1. Introduction **Solar Cell Device Physics (Shockley-Queisser + drift-diffusion)** is a **nonlinear inverse problem** whose unknown lives in **JV curve plus EQE** space, within the **Photovoltaic devices** sub-domain of **Semiconductor Physics**. Measurements consist of electrons collected by an electron detector via a **photovoltaic JV EQE** sensing mechanism. The forward operator applies, in order: E · photogeneration operator; E · drift diffusion operator; E · diode model operator; O · JV operator. Observations are corrupted by additive Gaussian noise. Well-posed for typical parameter ranges; ideality/shunt trade-off creates mild non-uniqueness at low bias. ## ⚙ 2. Forward Model Physical chain: **x** → E · photogeneration → E · drift diffusion → E · diode model → O · JV → **y** (detector). ``` y = `O.JV` `E.diode_model` `E.drift_diffusion` `E.photogeneration` x + n, n ~ 𝒩(0, σ²) ``` **Measurement DAG:** | Primitive | What it does | |---|---| | `E.photogeneration` | E · photogeneration operator | | `E.drift_diffusion` | E · drift diffusion operator | | `E.diode_model` | E · diode model operator | | `O.JV` | O · jv operator | ## 🔬 3. Physics Fingerprint | Property | Value | |---|---| | Domain | Semiconductor Physics | | Sub domain | Photovoltaic devices | | Carrier | electron | | Problem class | nonlinear_inverse | | Solution space | JV_curve_plus_EQE | | Noise model | gaussian | | Integration axis | bias_and_wavelength | | Difficulty delta | 3 | | L dag | 3.4 | ## 📡 4. Measurement Model Well-posed for typical parameter ranges; ideality/shunt trade-off creates mild non-uniqueness at low bias. | Metric | Value | |---|---| | Metric | eta_relative_error | | Secondary | EQE_L2_error | ## 📏 5. Operating Range (Ω) **Center problem class:** `photovoltaic_model_fit` · **Forward operator:** `solar_cell_forward` **Center point:** | Parameter | Unit | Value | |---|---|---| | T k | — | 298 | | Area cm2 | — | 1 | | Spectrum | — | AM1.5G | | Cell type | — | Si | | Illumination suns | — | 1 | **Allowed bounds:** | Parameter | Unit | Range | |---|---|---| | T k | — | 253 – 353 | | Area cm2 | — | 0.01 – 10000 | | N bias points | — | 50 – 1000 | | Illumination suns | — | 0.01 – 100 | ## 🎯 6. Tolerance (ε) **Center tolerance:** eta relative error <= 0.02 | Metric | Range | |---|---| | Eta relative error | 0.005 – 0.3 | ## ⚖ 7. Hardness Function Hardness scales as **`epsilon_fn`** on **eta_relative_error**, with κ = `150` and δ = `3`. ## 💾 8. Reference Dataset - **primary** · weight 1.0 · IPFS _(not pinned yet)_ ## 9. On-chain Registration - **Chain hash:** `0xc6cfa811b47643e0f71f2d6de9ff2e0830954140721d0d9305f60798f38054bb` - **Chain tx hash:** `0x842cc66fac4ba29f494d747c533993e66cfb205ea7862e8ff247721c16a03402` - **Chain block:** `41554141` --- ## File Mapping This bundle consists of: `L1-493.md`, `L1-493.json`. | File | Role | How to regenerate | |------|------|-------------------| | `L1-493.md` | Source of truth — edit this | Human or LLM | | `L1-493.json` | Structured metadata for the registry | LLM regenerates from the sections above | **Prompt for your LLM after editing this Markdown:** > Read the attached Markdown. Regenerate the sibling `.json` so every field matches. > Preserve the schema documented in the rows above. > Output each file in its own fenced code block tagged with the filename. > Output only the JSON object. _This Markdown was auto-synthesized from the catalog row for `L1-493`._ _Edit it, regenerate the JSON, and submit at [/submit](/submit) to claim the artifact._

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L2-493-001 Solar Cell Device Physics (Shockley-Queisser + drift-diffusion) Mismatch-Only Spec

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📋 JSON metadata

{
  "artifact_id": "L1-493",
  "chain_block": 41554141,
  "chain_hash": "0xc6cfa811b47643e0f71f2d6de9ff2e0830954140721d0d9305f60798f38054bb",
  "chain_tx_hash": "0x842cc66fac4ba29f494d747c533993e66cfb205ea7862e8ff247721c16a03402",
  "domain": "Semiconductor Physics",
  "hardness_fn": {
    "delta": 3,
    "kappa": 150,
    "metric": "eta_relative_error",
    "type": "epsilon_fn"
  },
  "initiator_dataset": [
    {
      "ipfs_cid": null,
      "license_hash": null,
      "name": "primary",
      "weight": 1.0
    }
  ],
  "layer": "L1",
  "observable_profile": {
    "metric": "eta_relative_error",
    "regime": "Well-posed for typical parameter ranges; ideality/shunt trade-off creates mild non-uniqueness at low bias.",
    "secondary": "EQE_L2_error"
  },
  "physics_fingerprint": {
    "L_DAG": 3.4,
    "carrier": "electron",
    "difficulty_delta": 3,
    "domain": "Semiconductor Physics",
    "integration_axis": "bias_and_wavelength",
    "noise_model": "gaussian",
    "primitives": [
      "E.photogeneration",
      "E.drift_diffusion",
      "E.diode_model",
      "O.JV"
    ],
    "problem_class": "nonlinear_inverse",
    "sensing_mechanism": "photovoltaic_JV_EQE",
    "solution_space": "JV_curve_plus_EQE",
    "sub_domain": "Photovoltaic devices",
    "title": "Solar Cell Device Physics (Shockley-Queisser + drift-diffusion)"
  },
  "size_tiers": {
    "allowed_forward_operators": [
      "solar_cell_forward"
    ],
    "allowed_omega_dimensions": [
      "spectrum",
      "T_K",
      "area_cm2",
      "cell_type",
      "illumination_suns"
    ],
    "allowed_problem_classes": [
      "photovoltaic_model_fit"
    ],
    "center_spec": {
      "epsilon_fn_center": "eta relative error \u003c= 0.02",
      "forward_operator": "solar_cell_forward",
      "input_format": "measurement_only",
      "omega": {
        "T_K": 298,
        "area_cm2": 1.0,
        "cell_type": "Si",
        "illumination_suns": 1.0,
        "spectrum": "AM1.5G"
      },
      "problem_class": "photovoltaic_model_fit"
    },
    "epsilon_bounds": {
      "eta_relative_error": [
        0.005,
        0.3
      ]
    },
    "omega_bounds": {
      "N_bias_points": [
        50,
        1000
      ],
      "T_K": [
        253,
        353
      ],
      "area_cm2": [
        0.01,
        10000
      ],
      "illumination_suns": [
        0.01,
        100
      ]
    }
  },
  "staked_pwm": 0.0,
  "status": "testnet",
  "sub_domain": "Photovoltaic devices",
  "title": "Solar Cell Device Physics (Shockley-Queisser + drift-diffusion)"
}

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